{ "$schema": "https://open.divekit.app/schemas/references/references.schema.v1.1.0.json", "meta": { "version": "2026.09.27.3", "generated_at": "2026-09-27T18:30:00Z" }, "references": [ { "id": "ref-baker-understanding-m-values", "title": "Understanding M-values", "authors": ["Baker, Erik C."], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "Shearwater Research", "url": "https://www.shearwater.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/understanding_m-values.pdf", "access": "open", "topics": ["deco_theory", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Plain-language explanation of M-values and the decompression zone behind the gradient-factor method.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-balestra-predive-vibration-preconditioning", "title": "Pre-dive Whole-Body Vibration Better Reduces Decompression-Induced Vascular Gas Emboli than Oxygenation or a Combination of Both", "authors": ["Balestra, Costantino", "Theunissen, Sigrid", "Papadopoulou, Virginie", "Le Mener, Cedric", "Germonpré, Peter", "Guerrero, François", "Lafère, Pierre"], "year": 2016, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Frontiers in Physiology", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00586/full", "doi": "10.3389/fphys.2016.00586", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Preconditioning evidence: pre-dive vibration cut post-dive bubbles about 84%, oxygen about 24%.", "notes": "Frontiers in Physiology 7:586; six volunteers, 33 m for 20 min.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-bookspan-diving-physiology-plain-english", "title": "Diving Physiology in Plain English", "authors": ["Bookspan, Jolie"], "year": 1995, "type": "book", "publisher": "Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9780930406134", "access": "paywalled", "format": "print", "recommended_by": ["Michael B. Strauss best technical diving books list"], "topics": ["deco_theory", "oxygen_toxicity"], "authoritative_for": "Plain-language diving physiology text for recreational divers and instructors.", "notes": "Original UHMS edition 1995 (246 pages); an expanded 8th edition was self-published in 2021. Author site drbookspan.com had an expired TLS certificate on check.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-buhlmann-decompression-sickness", "title": "Decompression: Decompression Sickness", "authors": ["Bühlmann, Albert A."], "year": 1984, "type": "book", "publisher": "Springer", "url": "https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-02409-6", "access": "paywalled", "topics": ["deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Defines the ZH-L tissue compartments, half-times and coefficients Dive Kit's ZH-L16C engine runs.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-cialoni-dsl-risk-factors-2017", "title": "Dive Risk Factors, Gas Bubble Formation, and Decompression Illness in Recreational SCUBA Diving: Analysis of DAN Europe DSL Data Base", "authors": ["Cialoni, Danilo", "Pieri, Massimo", "Balestra, Costantino", "Marroni, Alessandro"], "year": 2017, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Frontiers in Psychology", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01587/full", "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01587", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["deco_theory", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "39,099 recorded dives: mean GF High 0.66, bubble grade tracked BMI, fat mass and age; most DCS cases fell inside 'safe' algorithm limits.", "notes": "Frontiers in Psychology 8:1587; PMID 28974936.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-dan-decompression-sickness-reference", "title": "Decompression Sickness (Health and Diving Reference Series)", "authors": ["Pollock, Neal W.", "Denoble, Petar J."], "year": 2020, "type": "book", "publisher": "Divers Alert Network", "url": "https://dan.org/health-medicine/health-resource/dive-medical-reference-books/decompression-sickness/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["DAN"], "topics": ["deco_theory", "emergencies"], "authoritative_for": "DAN's free reference on DCS mechanisms, dive-computer use, diagnosis, treatment and contributing factors.", "notes": "Author Pollock, managing editor Denoble. Chapters include Effective Use of Your Dive Computer and Factors Contributing to DCS; downloadable PDF.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-dan-pfo-guidelines", "title": "Guidelines for Patent Foramen Ovale and Diving", "authors": ["Divers Alert Network", "Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society"], "year": 2015, "type": "article", "publisher": "Divers Alert Network", "url": "https://dan.org/health-medicine/health-resource/health-safety-guidelines/guidelines-for-patent-foramen-ovale-and-fitness/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["DAN"], "topics": ["deco_theory", "emergencies"], "authoritative_for": "Consensus guidance on when to test for a PFO and how to manage diving with one.", "notes": "From the June 2015 DAN/UHMS PFO and Fitness to Dive Workshop; a PDF proceedings summary is on world.dan.org.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-daneurope-diving-medical-research", "title": "Diving Medical Research and Diving Physiology", "authors": ["DAN Europe"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "DAN Europe", "url": "https://www.daneurope.org/en/diving-medical-research", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["deco_theory", "community"], "authoritative_for": "Entry point to DAN Europe's research programme, Diving Safety Laboratory data collection and publication list.", "notes": "Links to the full publication list and the DANA Health logbook used for field data.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-divekit-blog-what-is-decompression", "title": "What Is Decompression?", "authors": ["Dive Kit"], "year": null, "type": "blog", "publisher": "Dive Kit", "url": "https://divekit.app/blog/what-is-decompression/", "access": "open", "topics": ["deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Dive Kit's own primer on decompression theory for divers new to the guide.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-doolette-mitchell-recreational-technical-2", "title": "Recreational Technical Diving Part 2: Decompression From Deep Technical Dives", "authors": ["Doolette, David J.", "Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2013, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine", "url": "https://dhmjournal.com/images/IndividArticles/43June/Doolette_dhm.43.3.96-104.pdf", "access": "open", "topics": ["deco_theory", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Reviews deep technical decompression practice and the evidence against excessive deep stops.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-ebersole-diving-with-a-pfo", "title": "Diving with a PFO", "authors": ["Ebersole, Douglas"], "year": 2024, "type": "article", "publisher": "DAN World (Alert Diver)", "url": "https://world.dan.org/alert-diver/article/diving-with-a-pfo/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["DAN Alert Diver"], "topics": ["deco_theory", "emergencies"], "authoritative_for": "Cardiologist's diver-facing summary of PFO prevalence, DCS risk and management options.", "notes": "Published 4 June 2024.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-germonpre-balestra-preconditioning-review", "title": "Preconditioning to Reduce Decompression Stress in Scuba Divers", "authors": ["Germonpré, Peter", "Balestra, Costantino"], "year": 2017, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28095955/", "doi": "10.3357/AMHP.4642.2017", "access": "paywalled", "format": "html", "topics": ["deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Review of pre-dive interventions (exercise, heat, vibration, oxygen, hydration, dark chocolate) that lower bubble scores.", "notes": "Aerosp Med Hum Perform 88(2):114-120, 2017. PubMed abstract page is open; full text paywalled.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-gerth-thermal-exposure-dcs", "title": "The Influence of Thermal Exposure on Diver Susceptibility to Decompression Sickness", "authors": ["Gerth, Wayne A.", "Ruterbusch, Victor L.", "Long, Edwin T."], "year": 2007, "type": "paper", "publisher": "US Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU TR 06-07)", "url": "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA480570.pdf", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "recommended_by": ["DAN Europe Alert Diver", "ScubaBoard NEDU Study thread"], "topics": ["deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "The warm/cold trial: cold on the bottom and warm during decompression gave the lowest DCS risk; warm bottom and cold deco the highest.", "notes": "DTIC was serving a maintenance page on 2026-09-27, so the PDF could not be confirmed that day; the accession is ADA480570. Summarised in Menduno's 2022 Alert Diver Europe article. 'Cold' water in the study was about 27 C.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-helling-why-buhlmann-not-like-buhlmann", "title": "Why Is Bühlmann Not Like Bühlmann?", "authors": ["Helling, Ralf"], "year": 2017, "type": "blog", "publisher": "The Theoretical Diver", "url": "https://thetheoreticaldiver.org/wordpress/index.php/2017/11/02/why-is-buhlmann-not-like-buhlmann/", "access": "open", "topics": ["deco_theory", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Explains why two planners that both claim Bühlmann ZH-L16C can still hand you different stops.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-jones-post-dive-bubbles-scoping-review", "title": "Post-Dive Decompression Bubbles in Scuba Divers: A Scoping Review", "authors": ["Jones, Bethany", "Ducker, Kagan J.", "Haseler, Luke", "Buzzacott, Peter"], "year": 2026, "type": "paper", "publisher": "International Maritime Health", "url": "https://journals.viamedica.pl/international_maritime_health/article/view/106248", "doi": "10.5603/imh.106248", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Review of 172 bubble-imaging studies covering consequences, risk factors and prevention of venous gas emboli.", "notes": "Published online 4 August 2026; notes methodological heterogeneity and a shortage of data on female divers.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-kas-deco-closer-to-the-truth", "title": "Deco: Are We Any Closer to the Truth?", "authors": ["Kas, Stratis"], "year": 2026, "type": "article", "publisher": "InDepth", "url": "https://indepthmag.com/decompression-theory-closer-to-the-truth/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["deco_theory", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Doolette, Jablonski, Powell and Mitchell in one roundtable on gradient factors, acceptable risk and what remains unknown.", "notes": "Published 17 August 2026.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-kjoller-beyond-bubbles", "title": "Beyond Bubbles", "authors": ["Kjøller, Jesper"], "year": 2025, "type": "article", "publisher": "InDepth", "url": "https://indepthmag.com/beyond-bubbles/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Report on DAN Europe ultrasound monitoring of repetitive deep dives showing bubble counts rising over a week of diving.", "notes": "Published 2 July 2025.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-lippmann-mitchell-deeper-into-diving", "title": "Deeper Into Diving: An In-depth Review of Decompression Procedures and of the Physical and Physiological Aspects of Deeper Diving", "authors": ["Lippmann, John", "Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2005, "type": "book", "publisher": "J.L. Publications", "url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/Deeper_Into_Diving.html?id=UacBPQAACAAJ", "access": "paywalled", "format": "print", "recommended_by": ["ScubaBoard thread: Good books and where to find them"], "topics": ["deco_theory", "gas_planning"], "authoritative_for": "Compares US Navy, DCIEM, Bühlmann, BSAC and RDP tables in one place, with a technical-diving section.", "notes": "2nd edition, 512 pages. ScubaBoard reading-list threads call it excellent for physiology during deco dives.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-marroni-kot-dsl-risk-factors-2024", "title": "Identification of DCS Risk Factors in Recreational Diving: Multifactorial Model Based on the DAN DSL Database 2024", "authors": ["Marroni, Alessandro", "Kot, Jacek", "Pieri, Massimo", "Pelliccia, Riccardo", "Balestra, Costantino"], "year": 2026, "type": "paper", "publisher": "International Maritime Health", "url": "https://journals.viamedica.pl/international_maritime_health/article/view/108038", "doi": "10.5603/imh.108038", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Twelve independent DCS risk factors from 127,957 recreational dives, led by surface supersaturation gradient, sex, mixed gases, pre-dive exercise, thermal state and workload.", "notes": "IMH 77(1):1-12, 2026.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-menduno-hydration-temperature-deco-safety", "title": "Could Optimising a Diver's Hydration and Temperature Improve Their Decompression Safety?", "authors": ["Menduno, Michael"], "year": 2022, "type": "article", "publisher": "DAN Europe (Alert Diver Europe)", "url": "https://alertdiver.eu/en_US/articles/could-optimising-a-divers-hydration-and-temperature-improve-their-decompression-safety/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["DAN Europe Alert Diver"], "topics": ["deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Diver-facing summary of the NEDU warm/cold findings and hydration evidence on DCS risk.", "notes": "Published 29 August 2022. Also republished by DAN Southern Africa.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-menduno-identifying-decompression-risk-factors", "title": "Identifying Decompression Risk Factors", "authors": ["Menduno, Michael"], "year": 2019, "type": "article", "publisher": "DAN Europe (Alert Diver Europe)", "url": "https://alertdiver.eu/en_US/articles/identifying-decompression-risk-factors/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["DAN Europe Alert Diver"], "topics": ["deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Plain-language account of the DAN Europe DSL analysis of about 40,000 dives and which factors tracked bubbles.", "notes": "Published 16 October 2019; summarises Cialoni et al. 2017.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-mitchell-dci-comprehensive-overview", "title": "Decompression Illness: A Comprehensive Overview", "authors": ["Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2024, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine", "url": "https://dhmjournal.com/images/54/DHM%2054%201_Suppl_online.pdf", "doi": "10.28920/dhm54.1.suppl.1-53", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "recommended_by": ["DAN research update", "InDepth"], "topics": ["deco_theory", "emergencies"], "authoritative_for": "Current 53-page review of DCI pathophysiology, risk factors, prevention and treatment, the standard citation for DCS mechanisms.", "notes": "DHM 54(1 Suppl):1-53, March 2024; PMID 38537300. DAN and InDepth point to it as the reference overview.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-noaa-nitrox-tables", "title": "Nitrox No-Decompression Tables", "authors": ["NOAA Office of Marine and Aviation Operations"], "year": 2016, "type": "manual", "publisher": "NOAA", "url": "https://www.omao.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1.4%20Nitrox%20Tables%20New%20ver%208%2029-Oct-2016.pdf", "access": "open", "topics": ["deco_theory", "gas_planning"], "authoritative_for": "Published nitrox no-decompression limit tables Dive Kit's no-deco checks are cross-checked against.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-pineda-best-algorithm-all-wrong", "title": "What Is the Best Algorithm? They're All Wrong!", "authors": ["Pineda, Gabriel"], "year": 2026, "type": "article", "publisher": "InDepth", "url": "https://indepthmag.com/what-is-the-best-algorithm-theyre-all-wrong/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["deco_theory", "cross_checks"], "authoritative_for": "Shearwater-side explanation of why DCIEM, Bühlmann with GF and bubble models are all approximations to be validated, not truths.", "notes": "Published 12 February 2026.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-pollock-timing-exercise-and-diving", "title": "Timing Exercise and Diving", "authors": ["Pollock, Neal W."], "year": 2015, "type": "article", "publisher": "Divers Alert Network (Alert Diver)", "url": "https://dan.org/alert-diver/article/timing-exercise-and-diving/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["DAN Alert Diver"], "topics": ["deco_theory", "emergencies"], "authoritative_for": "DAN's guidance to separate high-intensity exercise from diving, especially in the 24 hours after a dive.", "notes": "Published 1 November 2015. The companion health resource 'Juggling Physical Exercise and Diving' (world.dan.org) gives the same 24-hour advice.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-powell-deco-for-divers", "title": "Deco for Divers", "authors": ["Powell, Mark"], "year": 2008, "type": "book", "publisher": "AquaPress", "url": "https://archive.org/details/decofordivers0000mark", "access": "borrow", "topics": ["deco_theory", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Accessible book-length treatment of decompression theory for divers.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-powell-deco-myths-video", "title": "Deco Myths by Mark Powell (Diving Presentation)", "authors": ["Powell, Mark"], "year": 2023, "type": "video", "publisher": "Dirty Dozen Expeditions (YouTube)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7bVlKToI0Q", "access": "open", "format": "video", "topics": ["deco_theory", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Powell debunking common decompression myths for technical divers.", "notes": "Uploaded 15 July 2023; 16,316 views. Same channel hosts 'Deep Stops by Mark Powell' (7,406 views, youtube.com/watch?v=kUCCGcZKXdQ).", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-powell-intro-deco-theory-deep-stops-video", "title": "Mark Powell: Intro to Deco Theory & Deep Stops", "authors": ["Powell, Mark"], "year": 2020, "type": "video", "publisher": "Dive Spear and Sport (YouTube)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhfNph3GKRw", "access": "open", "format": "video", "topics": ["deco_theory", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "The most-watched Powell lecture, a virtual-classroom introduction to decompression theory and the deep-stops debate.", "notes": "Uploaded 26 June 2020; 36,907 views. Hosted by a dive shop channel.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-salama-deep-into-deco", "title": "Deep Into Deco Revised and Updated: The Diver's Decompression Textbook", "authors": ["Salama, Asser"], "year": 2018, "type": "book", "publisher": "Best Publishing Company", "url": "https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/40200592", "access": "paywalled", "format": "print", "recommended_by": ["ScubaBoard thread: Recommended decompression theory manual or book", "Andy Davis technical diving reading list"], "topics": ["deco_theory", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Book-length walk-through of how commercial planners compute schedules, the usual second recommendation after Deco for Divers.", "notes": "Revised edition 2018 (first edition 2015). Best Publishing product page returned 404 on check, so the Goodreads record is linked. Recommended in ScubaBoard 'Recommended decompression theory manual or book' (2022) and Andy Davis's must-read list.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-usn-diving-manual-rev7a", "title": "U.S. Navy Diving Manual, Revision 7 Change A", "authors": ["Naval Sea Systems Command"], "year": 2018, "type": "manual", "publisher": "US Navy (NAVSEA SS521-AG-PRO-010)", "url": "https://www.navsea.navy.mil/Portals/103/Documents/SUPSALV/Diving/US%20NAVY%20DIVING%20MANUAL_REV7_Change%20A-FINAL-reduced.pdf?ver=2018-05-08-120443-603", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "recommended_by": ["ScubaBoard thread: Recommended decompression theory manual or book"], "topics": ["deco_theory", "gas_planning", "oxygen_toxicity"], "authoritative_for": "Official public air and mixed-gas tables, oxygen exposure limits and treatment tables.", "notes": "Official NAVSEA host. Site returned HTTP 403 to automated checks on 2026-09-27; open it in a browser. Regularly linked on ScubaBoard ('US Navy Diving Manual, Revision 7A, 2018' thread).", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-utd-podcast-25-mitchell-decompression", "title": "UTD Podcast #25 - Decompression with Dr. Simon Mitchell", "authors": ["Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2021, "type": "podcast", "publisher": "UTD Scuba Diving Podcast", "url": "https://podcasts.apple.com/no/podcast/utd-podcast-25-decompression-with-dr-simon-mitchell/id1506059865?i=1000516266322", "access": "open", "format": "audio", "topics": ["deco_theory", "gas_density"], "authoritative_for": "48-minute discussion of breathing mechanics, gas density, CO2 and temperature as decompression-stress factors.", "notes": "Released 7 April 2021. Pairs with the UTD three-part video series.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-van-liew-oxygen-window", "title": "The Oxygen Window and Decompression Bubbles: Estimates and Significance", "authors": ["Van Liew, Hugh D.", "Conkin, Johnny", "Burkard, Mark E."], "year": 1993, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8216150/", "access": "paywalled", "format": "html", "topics": ["deco_theory", "gas_selection"], "authoritative_for": "Quantifies the oxygen window and its effect on bubble shrinkage, the physiology behind high-oxygen deco gases.", "notes": "ASEM 64(9 Pt 1):859-865, September 1993; PMID 8216150. Abstract open on PubMed.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-workman-decompression-schedules", "title": "Calculation of Decompression Schedules for Nitrogen-Oxygen and Helium-Oxygen Dives", "authors": ["Workman, Robert D."], "year": 1965, "type": "paper", "publisher": "US Navy Experimental Diving Unit (Research Report 6-65)", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5295231/", "access": "open", "topics": ["deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Introduces the linear M-value that gradient factors slide a schedule between.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-angelini-dive-computer-models-algorithms", "title": "Dive Computer Decompression Models and Algorithms: Philosophical and Practical Views", "authors": ["Angelini, Sergio"], "year": 2018, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Underwater Technology (Society for Underwater Technology)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3723/ut.35.051", "doi": "10.3723/ut.35.051", "access": "paywalled", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Manufacturer-side (Mares) account of how dive-computer algorithms and gradient factors are implemented in practice.", "notes": "Underwater Technology 35(2):51-61, 2018. IngentaConnect blocked automated checks; an open copy circulates on sidemount-forum.com but is not the publisher's host.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-baker-deep-stops-confusion", "title": "Clearing Up the Confusion About Deep Stops", "authors": ["Baker, Erik C."], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "Shearwater Research", "url": "https://www.shearwater.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Deep-Stops.pdf", "access": "open", "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Reference for how Dive Kit interpolates gradient factors with depth and sets the first stop.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-cmas-deep-stops", "title": "Deep Stops", "authors": ["CMAS"], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "CMAS", "url": "https://www.cmas.org/fact-sheets/deep-stops-eng.html", "access": "open", "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "CMAS fact sheet summarising the deep-stops debate and current recommendations.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-cmas-gf-dive-computers", "title": "Gradient Factors (GF) and Dive Computers", "authors": ["CMAS"], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "CMAS", "url": "https://www.cmas.org/fact-sheets/gradient-factors-gf-and-dive-computers.html", "access": "open", "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "CMAS fact sheet explaining gradient factors as configured on dive computers.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-dan-deep-stops-roundtable", "title": "Deep Stops", "authors": ["Denoble, Petar J."], "year": 2010, "type": "article", "publisher": "Divers Alert Network (Alert Diver)", "url": "https://dan.org/alert-diver/article/deep-stops/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["DAN Alert Diver"], "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Expert roundtable advising recreational divers to follow their computer rather than add ad hoc deep stops.", "notes": "Published 1 February 2010, before the NEDU report; read together with later sources.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-dan-gradient-factors", "title": "Gradient Factors", "authors": ["Divers Alert Network"], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "Divers Alert Network", "url": "https://dan.org/alert-diver/article/gradient-factors/", "access": "open", "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "DAN's diver-facing explanation of what gradient factors mean and how they change a dive plan.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-davis-gf-comparison-60m-trimix", "title": "Gradient Factor Comparison: 60m Trimix Case-Study", "authors": ["Davis, Andy"], "year": 2019, "type": "blog", "publisher": "Scuba Tech Philippines", "url": "https://scubatechphilippines.com/scuba_blog/gradient-factor-comparison-60m-trimix-decompression-dive/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Worked MultiDeco comparison of GF 30/85, 55/85 and 70/85 on a 60 m trimix dive.", "notes": "Posted 15 February 2019.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-davis-gradient-factors-application-oc", "title": "A Logical Application of Gradient Factors Settings for Open-Circuit Tech Divers", "authors": ["Davis, Andy"], "year": 2019, "type": "blog", "publisher": "Scuba Tech Philippines", "url": "https://scubatechphilippines.com/scuba_blog/gradient-factors-application-use-settings-open-circuit-tech/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["Dive Talk+"], "topics": ["gradient_factors", "gas_selection"], "authoritative_for": "Practical rule of aligning the first stop with the first gas switch by tuning GF Low rather than chasing deep stops.", "notes": "Posted 13 February 2019; part of a widely shared GF series that a Dive Talk video (about 8,000 views) is based on.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-de-ridder-belgian-military-gradient-factors", "title": "Selecting Optimal Air Diving Gradient Factors for Belgian Military Divers: More Conservative Settings Are Not Necessarily Safer", "authors": ["De Ridder, Sven", "Pattyn, Nathalie", "Neyt, Xavier", "Germonpré, Peter"], "year": 2023, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine", "url": "https://doi.org/10.28920/dhm53.3.251-258", "doi": "10.28920/dhm53.3.251-258", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "The Belgian military study: low GF Low (30/70 default) deepens first stops and loads slow tissues; symmetrical GF 75/75 to 95/95 matched validated air tables better.", "notes": "DHM 53(3):251-258, September 2023; PMID 37718300; also in PubMed Central (PMC10735712). Compared Perdix GF settings against US Navy and DCIEM profiles for non-repetitive air dives to 60 m.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-divekit-blog-gradient-factors", "title": "Unpacking Gradient Factors", "authors": ["Dive Kit"], "year": null, "type": "blog", "publisher": "Dive Kit", "url": "https://divekit.app/blog/unpacking-gradient-factors/", "access": "open", "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Dive Kit's own primer explaining gradient factors to divers new to the guide.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-doolette-post-deep-stops-world", "title": "Gradient Factors in a Post-Deep-Stops World", "authors": ["Doolette, David J."], "year": 2019, "type": "article", "publisher": "InDepth", "url": "https://indepthmag.com/gradient-factors-in-a-post-deep-stops-world/", "access": "open", "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Explains why GF Low should sit close to GF High rather than pulling stops artificially deep.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-fraedrich-dive-computer-algorithm-validation", "title": "Validation of Algorithms Used in Commercial Off-the-Shelf Dive Computers", "authors": ["Fraedrich, Doug"], "year": 2018, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine", "url": "https://www.dhmjournal.com/images/IndividArticles/48Dec/Fraedrich_dhm48.4.252-258.pdf", "doi": "10.28920/dhm48.4.252-258", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["gradient_factors", "cross_checks", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Tests ZH-L16C, VPM-B, Suunto RGBM and EMC-20H against US Navy dives with known DCS outcomes; ZH-L16C passes with tuned gradient factors.", "notes": "DHM 48(4):252-258, December 2018; PMID 30517958.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-fraedrich-gf-from-published-pdcs", "title": "Setting Gradient Factors Based on Published Probability of DCS", "authors": ["Fraedrich, Doug"], "year": 2019, "type": "blog", "publisher": "The Theoretical Diver", "url": "https://thetheoreticaldiver.org/wordpress/index.php/2019/06/16/setting-gradient-factors-based-on-published-probability-of-dcs/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Method for choosing GF Low of 55 or more and GF High of 55 to 80 from published DCS probability data, scaled by dive severity.", "notes": "Contributed post, 16 June 2019; complements the author's 2018 DHM paper.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-jablonski-bubble-wise-pound-foolish", "title": "Part Three: Bubble-wise, Pound-foolish. Are Deep Stops Dangerous?", "authors": ["Jablonski, Jarrod"], "year": 2019, "type": "article", "publisher": "InDepth", "url": "https://indepthmag.com/part-three-bubble-wise-pound-foolish-are-deep-stops-dangerous/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "GUE's own account of moving from bubble models to shallower-biased gradient factors after the NEDU trial.", "notes": "Published 23 October 2019; part of a four-part series on GUE decompression history. The old gue.com/blog URL redirects to InDepth.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-kas-nedu-deep-stop-summary", "title": "NEDU Deep Stop Summary", "authors": ["Kas, Stratis"], "year": 2019, "type": "article", "publisher": "InDepth", "url": "https://indepthmag.com/nedu-deep-stop-summary/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Short plain-language digest of the NEDU deep-stops trial for divers who will not read TR 11-06.", "notes": "Published 22 October 2019; InDepth also hosts the TR 11-06 PDF already in the dataset.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-marroni-deep-vs-shallow-stops-trimix", "title": "Deep Versus Shallow Decompression Stops: Illustration of Different Decompression Strategies Used in Technical Diving", "authors": ["Marroni, Alessandro", "Pieri, Massimo", "Imbert, Jean-Pierre", "Pelliccia, Riccardo", "Arena, Mario", "Marroni, Laura", "Germonpré, Peter", "Cialoni, Danilo", "Balestra, Costantino"], "year": 2026, "type": "paper", "publisher": "International Maritime Health", "url": "https://journals.viamedica.pl/international_maritime_health/article/view/106791", "doi": "10.5603/imh.106791", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "DAN Europe field comparison on 40 m trimix dives where the deeper-stop schedule produced fewer venous gas emboli.", "notes": "Published online 20 March 2026. Small study (18 divers), bubble endpoint only, same total deco time; runs opposite to the NEDU DCS-outcome trial, so cite as one data point in a live debate rather than a verdict.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-mitchell-decompression-controversies-video", "title": "Decompression Controversies", "authors": ["Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2016, "type": "video", "publisher": "DAN Southern Africa (YouTube)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UY61E49lyos", "access": "open", "format": "video", "recommended_by": ["ScubaBoard gradient factor threads", "DAN Southern Africa"], "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "The most-watched Mitchell lecture on deep stops, bubble models and gradient factors.", "notes": "Uploaded 9 May 2016; 162,001 views on 2026-09-27. Channel is DAN Southern Africa.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-mitchell-utd-deco-theory-deep-stops-video", "title": "Deco Theory with Prof. Simon Mitchell, Part 3/3: Deep Stops, the Good the Bad and the How We Changed", "authors": ["Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2021, "type": "video", "publisher": "UTD Scuba Diving (YouTube)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28_wM9CXXQ8", "access": "open", "format": "video", "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Mitchell explaining to a ratio-deco agency's audience why the community moved away from deep stops.", "notes": "Uploaded 23 March 2021; 7,891 views. Part 1/3 (contributing factors to decompression stress) has 13,057 views at youtube.com/watch?v=dYIux8KbUKo. Companion UTD Podcast #25 (April 2021) on Apple Podcasts.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-mitchell-what-is-optimal-decompression-video", "title": "Dr Simon Mitchell: What Is Optimal Decompression?", "authors": ["Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2020, "type": "video", "publisher": "#NurkowiePomagajmySobie (YouTube)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIO9qI5XODw", "access": "open", "format": "video", "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Lockdown-era webinar with Q&A giving Mitchell's summary of the evidence for shallower-biased decompression.", "notes": "Uploaded 17 May 2020; 22,541 views. Hosted by a Polish diving community channel, not Mitchell's own; title carries a typo ('Wats').", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-nedu-tr-11-06", "title": "Redistribution of Decompression Stop Time From Shallow to Deep Stops Increases Incidence of Decompression Sickness in Air Decompression Dives", "authors": ["Doolette, David J.", "Gerth, Wayne A.", "Gault, Keith A."], "year": 2011, "type": "paper", "publisher": "US Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU TR 11-06)", "url": "https://indepthmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/NEDU_TR_2011-06.pdf", "access": "open", "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "The deep-stops trial: more decompression sickness on the deep-stops schedule than on a shallow-biased one.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-padi-pros-evolving-thought-deep-stops", "title": "Evolving Thought on Deep Decompression Stops", "authors": ["PADI Pros"], "year": 2023, "type": "blog", "publisher": "PADI (PADI Pros blog)", "url": "https://pros-blog.padi.com/evolving-thought-on-deep-decompression-stops/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "PADI's professional-facing summary of NEDU, Spisni and Mitchell's position on deep stops.", "notes": "Guest post published 13 July 2023. WebFetch could not verify the domain; curl returned HTTP 200.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-shearwater-flexible-control", "title": "Flexible Control of Decompression Stress", "authors": ["Shearwater Research"], "year": null, "type": "blog", "publisher": "Shearwater Research", "url": "https://shearwater.com/blogs/community/flexible-control-of-decompression-stress", "access": "open", "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Manufacturer's explanation of using gradient factors to flexibly tune decompression conservatism.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-speaking-sidemount-e068-mitchell-deep-stops", "title": "E068 - Prof Simon Mitchell - A Line Under Deep Stops", "authors": ["Davis, Steve", "Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2021, "type": "podcast", "publisher": "Speaking Sidemount", "url": "https://podcasts.apple.com/gh/podcast/e068-prof-simon-mitchell-a-line-under-deep-stops/id1430566498?i=1000534641505", "access": "open", "format": "audio", "recommended_by": ["Speaking Sidemount"], "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Interview covering deep stops, PFOs, dehydration, temperature, workload and light exercise during decompression.", "notes": "Released 8 September 2021; 39 minutes. Also on YouTube (Sidemount Pros channel, about 1,100 views) and Spotify. Official podcast site: sidemountpros.com/speakingsidemountpodcast.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-spisni-ratio-deco-vs-gradient-factors", "title": "A Comparative Evaluation of Two Decompression Procedures for Technical Diving Using Inflammatory Responses: Compartmental Versus Ratio Deco", "authors": ["Spisni, Enzo", "Marabotti, Claudio", "De Fazio, Luigia", "Valerii, Maria Chiara", "Cavazza, Elena", "Brambilla, Stefano", "Hoxha, Klarida", "L'Abbate, Antonio", "Longobardi, Pasquale"], "year": 2017, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine", "url": "https://www.dhmjournal.com/images/IndividArticles/47March/Spisni_dhm.47.1.9-16.pdf", "doi": "10.28920/dhm47.1.9-16", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Field evidence that ratio deco (deeper stops) raised inflammatory markers versus GF 30/85 on a 50 m trimix dive with no bubble difference.", "notes": "DHM 47(1):9-16, March 2017; 51 technical divers. PMID 28357819.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-theoretical-diver-gradient-factor-posts", "title": "Gradient Factors (post series)", "authors": ["Helling, Ralf"], "year": null, "type": "blog", "publisher": "The Theoretical Diver", "url": "https://thetheoreticaldiver.org/wordpress/index.php/tag/gradient-factors/", "access": "open", "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Ongoing series re-deriving gradient-factor mechanics with runnable code, an independent reproducible check.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-uhms-deep-stop-workshop-2008", "title": "Decompression and the Deep Stop Workshop Proceedings", "authors": ["Bennett, Peter B.", "Wienke, Bruce R.", "Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2008, "type": "report", "publisher": "Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society", "url": "https://uhms.org/images/Publications/Workshops/DDS_Final.pdf", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["gradient_factors", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "The 2008 expert workshop that framed the deep-stops debate before the NEDU trial reported.", "notes": "Salt Lake City, 24 to 25 June 2008; sponsored by UHMS, ONR, DAN, NAUI and PADI. Large PDF (about 5.7 MB).", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-watts-gradient-factors-for-dummies", "title": "Gradient Factors for Dummies", "authors": ["Watts, Kevin"], "year": 2013, "type": "blog", "publisher": "Scuba Tech Philippines (originally rebreatherworld.com)", "url": "https://scubatechphilippines.com/scuba_blog/gradient-factors-dummies/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["ScubaBoard gradient factor threads"], "topics": ["gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "The most-shared beginner explanation of what GF Low and GF High do to a Bühlmann schedule.", "notes": "Republished here on 2013-10-16 from the defunct rebreatherworld.com forum; the original post date is not shown.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-baker-oxygen-toxicity-calculations", "title": "Oxygen Toxicity Calculations", "authors": ["Baker, Erik C."], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "Shearwater Research", "url": "https://www.shearwater.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Oxygen_Toxicity_Calculations.pdf", "access": "open", "topics": ["oxygen_toxicity"], "authoritative_for": "The CNS-percentage and OTU method and coefficient table Dive Kit uses to run oxygen clocks.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-clark-lambertsen-pulmonary-oxygen-tolerance", "title": "Pulmonary Oxygen Tolerance in Man and Derivation of Pulmonary Oxygen Tolerance Curves", "authors": ["Clark, James M.", "Lambertsen, Christian J."], "year": 1970, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (Report 1-70)", "access": "print", "topics": ["oxygen_toxicity"], "authoritative_for": "Experimental basis for the pulmonary oxygen tolerance curves the daily OTU limit is built on.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-hamilton-repex", "title": "REPEX: Development of Repetitive Excursions, Surfacing Techniques, and Oxygen Procedures for Habitat Diving", "authors": ["Hamilton, R.W., et al."], "year": 1988, "type": "paper", "publisher": "National Undersea Research Program (Technical Report 88-1A)", "access": "print", "topics": ["oxygen_toxicity"], "authoritative_for": "Source of the practical multi-day OTU dose limits used for oxygen accounting over repeated dives.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-shearwater-cns-oxygen-clock", "title": "Shearwater and the CNS Oxygen Clock", "authors": ["Shearwater Research"], "year": null, "type": "blog", "publisher": "Shearwater Research", "url": "https://shearwater.com/blogs/community/shearwater-and-the-cns-oxygen-clock", "access": "open", "topics": ["oxygen_toxicity"], "authoritative_for": "Plain explanation of the single-exposure CNS and OTU limits Dive Kit warns against.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-anthony-mitchell-rebreather-respiratory-physiology", "title": "Respiratory Physiology of Rebreather Diving", "authors": ["Anthony, T. Gregory", "Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2016, "type": "paper", "publisher": "NOAA/NPS/DAN/AAUS (Rebreathers and Scientific Diving Proceedings)", "url": "https://www.omao.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Rebreathers%20and%20Scientific%20Diving%20Proceedings%202016.pdf", "access": "open", "topics": ["gas_density"], "authoritative_for": "Sets the 5.2 g/L ideal and 6.2 g/L maximum gas-density limits Dive Kit warns at.", "notes": "State the temperature basis of the limits if the paper gives one.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-doolette-mitchell-hyperbaric-conditions", "title": "Hyperbaric Conditions", "authors": ["Doolette, David J.", "Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2011, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Comprehensive Physiology", "doi": "10.1002/cphy.c091004", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c091004", "access": "paywalled", "topics": ["gas_density", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Broad review tying gas density, work of breathing, narcosis and decompression together in one place.", "notes": "Site blocks automated checks; open it in a browser.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-lambertsen-14-day-continuous-exposure", "title": "Respiration and Gas Exchange During a 14-Day Continuous Exposure to 5.2% O2 in N2 at Pressure Equivalent to 100 FSW", "authors": ["Lambertsen, Christian J.", "Gelfand, R., et al."], "year": 1973, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Aerospace Medicine", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4716932/", "access": "open", "topics": ["gas_density"], "authoritative_for": "Early controlled human data on breathing dense gas continuously for days at depth.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-speaking-sidemount-e069-mitchell-gas-density", "title": "E069 - Prof Simon Mitchell 2 - Gas Density & Other Issues", "authors": ["Davis, Steve", "Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2021, "type": "podcast", "publisher": "Speaking Sidemount", "url": "https://creators.spotify.com/pod/profile/sidemountpros/episodes/E069---Prof-Simon-Mitchell-2---Gas-Density--Other-Issues-e2k07ri", "access": "open", "format": "audio", "recommended_by": ["Speaking Sidemount"], "topics": ["gas_density"], "authoritative_for": "Mitchell on gas density, CO2 retention and work of breathing as factors in dive accidents.", "notes": "Second half of the Mitchell interview; Spotify for Creators host page.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-warkander-co2-retention-6-8-ata", "title": "CO2 Retention With Minimal Symptoms but Severe Dysfunction During Wet Simulated Dives to 6.8 ATA", "authors": ["Warkander, D.E.", "Norfleet, W.T.", "Nagasawa, G.K.", "Lundgren, C.E.G."], "year": 1990, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Undersea Biomedical Research", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2288042/", "access": "open", "topics": ["gas_density"], "authoritative_for": "Shows CO2 trouble from dense gas can arrive suddenly with little warning, the danger behind density warnings.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-burton-isobaric-counter-diffusion", "title": "Isobaric Counter Diffusion", "authors": ["Burton, Steve"], "year": 2004, "type": "article", "publisher": "scubaengineer.com", "url": "https://scubaengineer.com/isobaric_counter_diffusion.htm", "access": "open", "topics": ["icd"], "authoritative_for": "The widely cited rule of fifths threshold behind Dive Kit's isobaric counter-diffusion advisory.", "notes": "Site blocks automated checks; open it in a browser.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-doolette-mitchell-inner-ear-dcs", "title": "Biophysical Basis for Inner Ear Decompression Sickness", "authors": ["Doolette, David J.", "Mitchell, Simon J."], "year": 2003, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Journal of Applied Physiology", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12562679/", "access": "open", "topics": ["icd"], "authoritative_for": "Mechanism-based model of inner-ear bubble formation that makes the rule of fifths an advisory, not a hard rule.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-theoretical-diver-icd-criteria", "title": "Isobaric Counter-Diffusion Criteria", "authors": ["Helling, Ralf"], "year": 2018, "type": "blog", "publisher": "The Theoretical Diver", "url": "https://thetheoreticaldiver.org/wordpress/index.php/2018/01/24/isobaric-counter-diffusion-criteria/", "access": "open", "topics": ["icd"], "authoritative_for": "Worked, quantitative derivation of where isobaric counter-diffusion thresholds come from.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-brubakk-neuman-bennett-elliott", "title": "Bennett and Elliott's Physiology and Medicine of Diving", "authors": ["Brubakk, Alf O.", "Neuman, Tom S."], "year": 2003, "type": "book", "publisher": "Saunders", "url": "https://shop.elsevier.com/books/bennett-and-elliotts-physiology-and-medicine-of-diving/brubakk/978-0-7020-2571-6", "access": "paywalled", "topics": ["hpns"], "authoritative_for": "Standard diving-medicine textbook behind Dive Kit's high-pressure nervous syndrome onset depth thresholds.", "notes": "5th edition; the HPNS chapter runs pages 323 to 357.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-blomeke-deep-rebreather-physiology", "title": "Pushing the Envelope: New Research into the Physiology of Deep Rebreather Diving", "authors": ["Blömeke, Tim"], "year": 2022, "type": "article", "publisher": "DAN Europe (Alert Diver Europe)", "url": "https://alertdiver.eu/en_US/articles/pushing-the-envelope-new-research-into-the-physiology-of-deep-rebreather-diving/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["DAN Europe Alert Diver"], "topics": ["ccr", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Summary of 2021 field studies showing dehydration, lung-function loss and unpredictable bubbling after deep CCR dives.", "notes": "Published 19 July 2022.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-bozanic-mastering-rebreathers", "title": "Mastering Rebreathers, 2nd Edition", "authors": ["Bozanic, Jeffrey E."], "year": 2010, "type": "book", "publisher": "Best Publishing Company", "url": "https://jeffbozanic.com/mastering-rebreathers-2nd-edition-zc6ys7", "access": "paywalled", "format": "print", "recommended_by": ["ScubaBoard thread: Mastering Rebreathers, 2nd Edition"], "topics": ["ccr", "oxygen_toxicity"], "authoritative_for": "Agency-neutral textbook on rebreather physics, physiology, procedures and maintenance.", "notes": "640 pages. Best Publishing product page returned 404 on check; the author's official page is linked. ScubaBoard has a dedicated 'Mastering Rebreathers, 2nd Edition' thread.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-havard-ccr-setpoints", "title": "Understanding and Safe Use of PPO2 Set-Points for CCR", "authors": ["Havard, Mark"], "year": 2002, "type": "article", "publisher": "ccr-training.com", "url": "https://ccr-training.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/understanding_setpoints_for_ccr.pdf", "access": "open", "topics": ["ccr"], "authoritative_for": "Practitioner's account of diluent switch and loop-flush mechanics behind the two-flush consumption charge.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-mitchell-pollock-rf4-consensus", "title": "Rebreather Forum Four Consensus Statements", "authors": ["Mitchell, Simon J.", "Pollock, Neal W."], "year": 2023, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine", "url": "https://www.dhmjournal.com/images/IndividArticles/53June/Mitchell_RF4-Statements.pdf", "doi": "10.28920/dhm53.2.142-146", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["ccr"], "authoritative_for": "Current industry consensus on rebreather training, checklists, oxygen and CO2 monitoring and incident reporting.", "notes": "DHM 53(2):142-146, June 2023. PMID 37365132. Full RF4 proceedings (Valletta, April 2023) are distributed via InDepth and the Rebreather Forum site.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-multideco-user-guide", "title": "MultiDeco User Guide", "authors": ["HHS Software"], "year": null, "type": "manual", "publisher": "HHS Software", "url": "https://www.hhssoftware.com/multideco/faqhelp.php", "access": "open", "topics": ["ccr"], "authoritative_for": "Established-planner precedent for the mid-dive diluent switches Dive Kit's CCR model plans.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-rf3-proceedings", "title": "Rebreather Forum 3 Proceedings", "authors": ["Vann, Richard D.", "Denoble, Petar J.", "Pollock, Neal W."], "year": 2014, "type": "report", "publisher": "AAUS / DAN / PADI", "url": "https://rebreatherforum.tech/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/RF3-proceedings.small_.pdf", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["ccr", "training"], "authoritative_for": "Consensus statements and expert papers on rebreather physiology, design, training and incident data from the 2012 forum.", "notes": "Forum held 18 to 20 May 2012, Orlando; 324 pages. Hosted by the Rebreather Forum organisation; the older media.dan.org link no longer serves a PDF.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-shearwater-perdix-manual", "title": "Perdix Operating Instructions Manual", "authors": ["Shearwater Research"], "year": null, "type": "manual", "publisher": "Shearwater Research", "url": "https://www.shearwater.com/manuals/Perdix-Operating-Intructions-Manual.pdf", "access": "open", "topics": ["ccr"], "authoritative_for": "Documents five closed-circuit diluent slots switchable mid-dive, hardware confirmation for multi-diluent planning.", "notes": "See the Select Gas / CC Gases section.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-silentdiving-diluent-selection", "title": "Which CCR Diluent Fits Your Dive Profile?", "authors": ["Silent Diving"], "year": null, "type": "blog", "publisher": "Silent Diving", "url": "https://silentdiving.com/blog/ccr-diluent-selection/", "access": "open", "topics": ["ccr"], "authoritative_for": "Frames diluent switching as an advanced, opt-in setup, matching how Dive Kit presents it by default.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-indepth-standard-gases", "title": "Standard Gases: The Simplicity of Everyone Singing the Same Song", "authors": ["InDepth"], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "InDepth", "url": "https://indepthmag.com/standard-gases-the-advantages-of-having-everyone-singing-the-same-song/", "access": "open", "topics": ["gas_selection"], "authoritative_for": "The GUE standard-gas ladder behind Dive Kit's best_mix tool.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-bsac-safe-diving-guide", "title": "BSAC Safe Diving: Your Guide to the Safe Practice of Sports Diving", "authors": ["British Sub-Aqua Club"], "year": 2020, "type": "manual", "publisher": "BSAC", "url": "https://www.bsac.com/document/download-safe-diving-guide-pdf/safe-diving-inners-2020-v1.pdf", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["gas_planning", "training", "emergencies"], "authoritative_for": "BSAC National Diving Committee's A to Z of safe practice, including gas planning, ascent rates and buddy procedures.", "notes": "Revised June 2020, 80 pages. Landing page: bsac.com/safety/bsacs-safe-diving-guide/.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-dan-lessons-in-gas-management", "title": "Lessons in Gas Management", "authors": ["Divers Alert Network"], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "Divers Alert Network", "url": "https://dan.org/alert-diver/article/lessons-in-gas-management/", "access": "open", "topics": ["gas_planning"], "authoritative_for": "DAN's case for planning a calculated breathing-gas reserve instead of watching pressure alone.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-divekit-rmv-sac-calculator", "title": "RMV/SAC Calculator", "authors": ["Dive Kit"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "Dive Kit", "url": "https://divekit.app/docs/tools/rmv-sac-calculator", "access": "open", "topics": ["gas_planning", "breathing_rate"], "authoritative_for": "Documents the measurement method behind Dive Kit's own RMV/SAC calculator.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-gue-minimum-gas", "title": "Gas Management: Minimum Gas Nomenclature", "authors": ["GUE"], "year": 2005, "type": "article", "publisher": "GUE", "url": "https://www.gue.com/files/aug2005changes.pdf", "access": "open", "topics": ["gas_planning"], "authoritative_for": "GUE's own definition and rationale for the minimum-gas reserve calculation.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-noaa-diving-manual", "title": "NOAA Diving Manual", "authors": ["NOAA"], "year": null, "type": "manual", "publisher": "NOAA", "access": "print", "topics": ["gas_planning", "breathing_rate", "gas_blending", "oxygen_handling"], "authoritative_for": "Air-consumption, gas-planning, nitrox and gas-blending chapters used as a cross-check reference.", "notes": "6th edition; no single reliable online copy found, treated as a print reference.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-divekit-gas-blender-algorithm", "title": "Gas Blender", "authors": ["Dive Kit"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "Dive Kit", "url": "https://divekit.app/docs/tools/gas-blender", "access": "open", "topics": ["gas_blending"], "authoritative_for": "Dive Kit's own public documentation of its gas-blending algorithm and tool.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-en-12021-breathing-gases", "title": "EN 12021: Respiratory Equipment. Compressed Gases for Breathing Apparatus", "authors": ["CEN"], "year": 2014, "type": "standard", "publisher": "European Committee for Standardization / BSI", "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/respiratory-equipment-compressed-gases-for-breathing-apparatus", "access": "paywalled", "topics": ["gas_blending", "oxygen_handling"], "authoritative_for": "European breathing-gas purity limits behind Dive Kit's gas-quality guidance.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-harlow-oxygen-hackers-companion", "title": "Oxygen Hacker's Companion", "authors": ["Harlow, Vance"], "year": null, "type": "book", "publisher": "Airspeed Press", "access": "print", "topics": ["gas_blending", "oxygen_handling"], "authoritative_for": "Practitioner's reference on partial-pressure and continuous blending, and oxygen-cleaning practice.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-padi-gas-blender-course", "title": "Tec Gas Blender", "authors": ["PADI"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "PADI", "url": "https://www.padi.com/courses/tec-gas-blender", "access": "open", "topics": ["gas_blending"], "authoritative_for": "PADI's own course description for blending nitrox and helium-blend gases.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-tdi-nitrox-gas-blender-course", "title": "Nitrox Gas Blender", "authors": ["TDI"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "TDI", "url": "https://www.tdisdi.com/tdi/get-certified/nitrox-gas-blender/", "access": "open", "topics": ["gas_blending"], "authoritative_for": "TDI's own course description for the certification behind partial-pressure and continuous blending practice.", "notes": "Site blocks automated checks; open it in a browser.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-wikipedia-gas-blending", "title": "Gas Blending for Scuba Diving", "authors": ["Wikipedia contributors"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_blending_for_scuba_diving", "access": "open", "topics": ["gas_blending"], "authoritative_for": "General survey of blending methods (partial pressure, continuous, membrane) for orientation.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-astm-g93", "title": "Standard Guide for Cleanliness Levels and Cleaning Methods for Materials and Equipment Used in Oxygen-Enriched Environments", "authors": ["ASTM International"], "year": null, "type": "standard", "publisher": "ASTM International", "url": "https://www.astm.org/g0093-19.html", "access": "paywalled", "topics": ["oxygen_handling"], "authoritative_for": "Cleanliness-level standard behind Dive Kit's oxygen-service cleaning guidance.", "notes": "Site blocks automated checks; open it in a browser.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-cga-g4-1-cleaning-oxygen-service", "title": "CGA G-4.1: Cleaning Equipment for Oxygen Service", "authors": ["Compressed Gas Association"], "year": null, "type": "standard", "publisher": "Compressed Gas Association", "url": "https://legacy.cganet.com/Publication/Details.aspx?id=G-4.1", "access": "paywalled", "topics": ["oxygen_handling"], "authoritative_for": "Industry cleaning standard behind Dive Kit's oxygen-service guidance.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-divekit-real-gas-model", "title": "Cylinder Database", "authors": ["Dive Kit"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "Dive Kit", "url": "https://divekit.app/docs/tools/cylinders", "access": "open", "topics": ["real_gas", "cylinders"], "authoritative_for": "Dive Kit's own public page showing the tabulated real-gas compressibility values and how to reproduce them.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-nist-webbook-fluid-properties", "title": "NIST Chemistry WebBook: Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems", "authors": ["NIST"], "year": null, "type": "dataset", "publisher": "NIST", "url": "https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/", "access": "open", "topics": ["real_gas", "cylinders"], "authoritative_for": "Reference compressibility data behind Dive Kit's Z-factor tables for nitrogen, oxygen and helium.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-ortiz-vega-helium-eos", "title": "An Equation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of Helium", "authors": ["Ortiz Vega, Diego", "Hall, Kenneth", "Holste, James", "Harvey, Allan H.", "Lemmon, Eric W."], "year": 2023, "type": "paper", "publisher": "NIST (NISTIR 8474)", "doi": "10.6028/NIST.IR.8474", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8474", "access": "open", "topics": ["real_gas"], "authoritative_for": "Reference equation of state for helium behind Dive Kit's real-gas compressibility model.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-schmidt-wagner-oxygen-eos", "title": "A New Form of the Equation of State for Pure Substances and Its Application to Oxygen", "authors": ["Schmidt, Rainer", "Wagner, Wolfgang"], "year": 1985, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Fluid Phase Equilibria", "doi": "10.1016/0378-3812(85)87016-3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(85)87016-3", "access": "paywalled", "topics": ["real_gas"], "authoritative_for": "Reference equation of state for oxygen behind Dive Kit's real-gas compressibility model.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-span-lemmon-nitrogen-eos", "title": "A Reference Equation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen for Temperatures From 63.151 to 1000 K and Pressures to 2200 MPa", "authors": ["Span, Roland", "Lemmon, Eric W.", "Jacobsen, Richard T.", "Wagner, Wolfgang", "Yokozeki, Akira"], "year": 2000, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data", "doi": "10.1063/1.1349047", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1349047", "access": "paywalled", "topics": ["real_gas"], "authoritative_for": "Reference equation of state for nitrogen behind Dive Kit's real-gas compressibility model.", "notes": "Site blocks automated checks; open it in a browser.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-divegearexpress-cylinder-capacities", "title": "Calculating SCUBA Cylinder Capacities", "authors": ["Dive Gear Express"], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "Dive Gear Express", "url": "https://www.divegearexpress.com/library/articles/calculating-scuba-cylinder-capacities", "access": "open", "topics": ["cylinders", "real_gas"], "authoritative_for": "The US rated-capacity convention Dive Kit's imperial cylinder capacities follow.", "notes": "Site blocks automated checks; open it in a browser.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-divegearexpress-z-factors", "title": "Z Factors for SCUBA", "authors": ["Dive Gear Express"], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "Dive Gear Express", "url": "https://www.divegearexpress.com/library/articles/zfactors-for-scuba", "access": "open", "topics": ["cylinders", "real_gas"], "authoritative_for": "Diver-friendly compressibility factor table cross-checked against Dive Kit's own Z-factor output.", "notes": "Site blocks automated checks; open it in a browser.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-divekit-open-data-cylinders", "title": "Dive Kit Cylinders Dataset", "authors": ["Dive Kit"], "year": null, "type": "dataset", "publisher": "Dive Kit", "url": "https://open.divekit.app/datasets/cylinders.json", "access": "open", "topics": ["cylinders"], "authoritative_for": "Dive Kit's own open dataset of common cylinder specifications.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-wikipedia-diving-cylinder", "title": "Diving Cylinder", "authors": ["Wikipedia contributors"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_cylinder", "access": "open", "topics": ["cylinders"], "authoritative_for": "Documents the US free-gas and European water-volume (ISO 13769) cylinder sizing conventions side by side.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-buoyancy-cc", "title": "buoyancy.cc", "authors": [], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "buoyancy.cc", "url": "https://buoyancy.cc/", "access": "open", "topics": ["buoyancy", "cross_checks"], "authoritative_for": "Independent community buoyancy calculator Dive Kit's suit-lift and body-composition maths are cross-checked against.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-deurenberg-weststrate-seidell-bmi", "title": "Body Mass Index as a Measure of Body Fatness: Age- and Sex-Specific Prediction Formulas", "authors": ["Deurenberg, Paul", "Weststrate, Jan A.", "Seidell, Jaap C."], "year": 1991, "type": "paper", "publisher": "British Journal of Nutrition", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2043597/", "access": "open", "topics": ["buoyancy"], "authoritative_for": "The formula Dive Kit's buoyancy estimator uses to turn BMI, age and sex into a body-fat estimate.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-divekit-buoyancy-algorithm", "title": "Buoyancy Calculator", "authors": ["Dive Kit"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "Dive Kit", "url": "https://divekit.app/docs/tools/buoyancy-calculator", "access": "open", "topics": ["buoyancy"], "authoritative_for": "Dive Kit's own public documentation of its buoyancy estimation algorithm and tool.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-dubois-dubois-surface-area", "title": "A Formula to Estimate the Approximate Surface Area if Height and Weight Be Known", "authors": ["DuBois, D.", "DuBois, E.F."], "year": 1916, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Archives of Internal Medicine (now JAMA Internal Medicine)", "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/654069", "access": "paywalled", "topics": ["buoyancy"], "authoritative_for": "The body-surface-area formula Dive Kit uses to scale how much lift a wetsuit provides.", "notes": "Site blocks automated checks; open it in a browser.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-neoprene-thermal-comfort-diving-suit", "title": "Dependence of Thermal Comfort of Diving Suit on Neoprene Properties and Diving Depth", "authors": ["Potočić Matković, Vesna Marija", "Salopek Čubrić, Ivana", "Pavko Čuden, Alenka"], "year": 2025, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Polymers", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12608526/", "access": "open", "topics": ["buoyancy"], "authoritative_for": "Measured neoprene compressive displacement at depth-equivalent pressures, cross-checking suit-lift loss with depth.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-rsingler-optimal-buoyancy-computer", "title": "Optimal Buoyancy Computer", "authors": ["rsingler"], "year": 2019, "type": "thread", "publisher": "ScubaBoard", "url": "https://scubaboard.com/community/threads/optimal-buoyancy-computer.576321/", "access": "open", "topics": ["buoyancy", "community"], "authoritative_for": "Community weighting-calculator and manual that informed parts of Dive Kit's buoyancy estimator.", "notes": "Dive Kit adapted some ideas into an independent implementation rather than reusing its formulas; it treats wetsuit foam as massless, which overstates suit lift.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-siri-body-composition", "title": "Body Composition From Fluid Spaces and Density", "authors": ["Siri, William E."], "year": 1956, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Donner Laboratory, University of California", "access": "print", "topics": ["buoyancy"], "authoritative_for": "The body-density-to-body-fat relation underlying Dive Kit's body-composition buoyancy estimate.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-en-13319-depth-gauges", "title": "EN 13319:2000: Diving Accessories. Depth Gauges and Combined Depth and Time Measuring Devices", "authors": ["CEN"], "year": 2000, "type": "standard", "publisher": "European Committee for Standardization / BSI", "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/diving-accessories-depth-gauges-and-combined-depth-and-time-measuring-devices-functional-and-safety-requirements-test-methods", "access": "paywalled", "topics": ["conventions"], "authoritative_for": "Defines the 1019.716 kg/m3 seawater density Dive Kit's depth conversion convention follows.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-unesco-seawater-algorithms", "title": "Algorithms for Computation of Fundamental Properties of Seawater", "authors": ["UNESCO"], "year": 1983, "type": "paper", "publisher": "UNESCO (Technical Papers in Marine Science 44)", "url": "https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000059832", "access": "open", "topics": ["conventions"], "authoritative_for": "Reference seawater density formulas behind Dive Kit's saltwater depth conventions.", "notes": "Site blocks automated checks; open it in a browser.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-bsac-training-path", "title": "BSAC", "authors": ["BSAC"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "British Sub-Aqua Club", "url": "https://www.bsac.com/", "access": "open", "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "BSAC's technical training path: Sports Diver and Dive Leader, then decompression, extended range and trimix courses.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-chowdhury-the-last-dive", "title": "The Last Dive: A Father and Son's Fatal Descent into the Ocean's Depths", "authors": ["Chowdhury, Bernie"], "year": 2000, "type": "book", "publisher": "HarperCollins", "url": "https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24036.The_Last_Dive", "access": "paywalled", "format": "print", "recommended_by": ["ScubaBoard thread: Technical Diving Reading List", "Andy Davis technical diving reading list"], "topics": ["training", "community"], "authoritative_for": "Case-study narrative of the Rouse deaths, recommended as a lessons-learned read before deep or mixed-gas diving.", "notes": "Narrative, not a technical reference. Goodreads 4.09 from 2,184 ratings. HarperCollins product page blocked automated checks; Goodreads record linked.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-cmas-training-path", "title": "CMAS", "authors": ["CMAS"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques", "url": "https://www.cmas.org/", "access": "open", "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "CMAS's one to three star grade path, then nitrox and trimix through national federations.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-gue-standards-v10-4", "title": "GUE General Training Standards, Policies, and Procedures, Version 10.4", "authors": ["Global Underwater Explorers"], "year": 2026, "type": "manual", "publisher": "GUE", "url": "https://www.gue.com/files/Standards_and_Procedures/GUE-Standards-v10.4.pdf", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["training", "gas_selection"], "authoritative_for": "GUE course limits, standard gases and equipment requirements, the source for GUE's Fundamentals to Tech 2 path.", "notes": "162 pages, copyright 2026. Linked from gue.com/diver-training/standards-and-procedures with a change log.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-gue-training-path", "title": "GUE", "authors": ["GUE"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "Global Underwater Explorers", "url": "https://www.gue.com/diver-training/explore-gue-courses", "access": "open", "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "GUE's technical training path: Fundamentals, then Tech 1 and Tech 2 on standard gases.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-gurr-technical-diving-bottom-up", "title": "Technical Diving from the Bottom Up", "authors": ["Gurr, Kevin"], "year": 2004, "type": "book", "publisher": "Periscope Publishing", "url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/Technical_Diving_from_the_Bottom_Up.html?id=K2BjqY8W9iEC", "access": "paywalled", "format": "print", "recommended_by": ["ScubaBoard thread: Technical Diving Reading List"], "topics": ["training", "deco_theory", "ccr"], "authoritative_for": "Broad technical-diving textbook covering configuration, mixed-gas decompression and rebreathers.", "notes": "2004 edition, 247 pages; an expanded 2010 edition (about 600 pages) with guest chapters exists. Google Books redirects to a regional domain.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-iantd-training-path", "title": "IANTD", "authors": ["IANTD"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers", "url": "https://www.iantd.com/", "access": "open", "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "IANTD's technical training path: Advanced Nitrox, Technical Diver, Normoxic Trimix, Trimix.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-jablonski-doing-it-right", "title": "Doing It Right: The Fundamentals of Better Diving", "authors": ["Jablonski, Jarrod"], "year": 2001, "type": "book", "publisher": "Global Underwater Explorers", "url": "https://www.gue.com/store/books/doing-it-right-fundamentals-better-diving", "access": "paywalled", "format": "print", "recommended_by": ["ScubaBoard thread: Technical Diving Reading List", "Andy Davis technical diving reading list"], "topics": ["training", "gas_selection"], "authoritative_for": "Primary statement of the DIR approach behind GUE standard gases, team procedures and gas planning.", "notes": "GUE store lists the original 2001 edition (176 pages, ISBN 0-9713267-0-3) and a 2021 edition, plus a PDF version. Goodreads 4.16 from 62 ratings.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-lewis-six-skills", "title": "The Six Skills and Other Discussions: Creative Solutions for Technical Divers", "authors": ["Lewis, Steve"], "year": 2011, "type": "book", "publisher": "Techdiver Publishing", "url": "https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18179849-the-six-skills-and-other-discussions", "access": "paywalled", "format": "print", "recommended_by": ["ScubaBoard thread: Must read -- the Six Skills by Steve Lewis", "Andy Davis technical diving reading list"], "topics": ["training", "gas_planning"], "authoritative_for": "Widely recommended primer on the non-textbook skills and judgement technical divers need.", "notes": "Goodreads 4.08 from 40 ratings. ScubaBoard 'Must read -- the Six Skills by Steve Lewis' thread (2011) runs 5 pages. No publisher page found; Goodreads record linked.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-lewis-staying-alive", "title": "Staying Alive: Applying Risk Management to Advanced Scuba Diving", "authors": ["Lewis, Steve"], "year": 2014, "type": "book", "publisher": "Techdiver Publishing", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9780981228044", "access": "paywalled", "format": "print", "recommended_by": ["Andy Davis technical diving reading list"], "topics": ["training", "emergencies"], "authoritative_for": "Risk-management framing of why advanced-diving fatalities happen and how established limits prevent them.", "notes": "198 pages. Google Books record linked (redirects to a regional Google Books domain).", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-lock-under-pressure", "title": "Under Pressure: Diving Deeper with Human Factors", "authors": ["Lock, Gareth"], "year": 2019, "type": "book", "publisher": "Human in the System Consulting (The Human Diver)", "url": "https://www.thehumandiver.com/underpressure", "access": "paywalled", "format": "print", "recommended_by": ["Andy Davis technical diving reading list", "X-Ray Mag review"], "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "Standard reference on human factors, just culture and non-technical skills in diving incidents.", "notes": "Official author page. Goodreads 4.48 from 154 ratings. Paperback, Kindle and Audible editions; also in Polish.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-mitchell-doolette-recreational-technical-1", "title": "Recreational Technical Diving Part 1: An Introduction to Technical Diving Methods and Activities", "authors": ["Mitchell, Simon J.", "Doolette, David J."], "year": 2013, "type": "paper", "publisher": "Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23813462/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["training", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Peer-reviewed definition of technical diving, its gases and procedures; companion to Part 2 already in the dataset.", "notes": "DHM 43(2):86-93, June 2013.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-naui-training-path", "title": "NAUI", "authors": ["NAUI"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "National Association of Underwater Instructors", "url": "https://www.naui.org/", "access": "open", "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "NAUI's technical training path: Deep and Nitrox, then NAUI Technical decompression and trimix courses.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-padi-training-path", "title": "PADI", "authors": ["PADI"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "PADI", "url": "https://www.padi.com/", "access": "open", "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "PADI's technical training path: Deep Diver to 40 m, then TecRec Tec 40, Tec 45, Tec 50, Tec Trimix.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-powell-technical-diving-introduction", "title": "Technical Diving: An Introduction", "authors": ["Powell, Mark"], "year": 2018, "type": "book", "publisher": "Aquapress", "url": "https://www.aquapress.co.uk/product/techdiving/", "access": "paywalled", "format": "print", "recommended_by": ["ScubaBoard thread: Recommended decompression theory manual or book", "Andy Davis technical diving reading list"], "topics": ["training", "gas_planning", "ccr"], "authoritative_for": "Companion to Deco for Divers covering technical-diving approach, equipment, skills and rebreathers.", "notes": "Publisher page; 248 pages, 42 chapters. Recommended alongside Deco for Divers in ScubaBoard's 2022 deco-book thread.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-raid-training-path", "title": "RAID", "authors": ["RAID"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "RAID", "url": "https://www.diveraid.com/", "access": "open", "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "RAID's technical training path: Deep and Advanced Nitrox, then Deco 40, Deco 50 and trimix.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-sdi-standards-diver-part-2", "title": "SDI Standards and Procedures Manual, Part 2: Diver Standards", "authors": ["Scuba Diving International"], "year": 2026, "type": "manual", "publisher": "SDI", "url": "https://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/files/sandp/currentYear/SDI/complete_sections/Part%202-SDI%20Diver%20Standards.pdf", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "Recreational course limits and prerequisites for SDI certifications.", "notes": "Version 0626 (June 2026).", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-ssi-training-path", "title": "SSI", "authors": ["SSI"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "Scuba Schools International", "url": "https://www.divessi.com/", "access": "open", "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "SSI's technical training path: Deep Diving and Enriched Air, then Extended Range nitrox, trimix and hypoxic trimix.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-tdi-advanced-nitrox-standard", "title": "TDI Standards and Procedures, Part 2: Diver Standards, Section 7: Advanced Nitrox Diver", "authors": ["Technical Diving International"], "year": 2026, "type": "course_material", "publisher": "TDI", "url": "https://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/files/sandp/currentYear/TDI/part%202/pdf/individual/TDI%20Diver%20Standards_07_Advanced_Nitrox_Diver.pdf", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["training", "oxygen_toxicity", "gas_selection"], "authoritative_for": "Defines EAN21 to 100% oxygen use to 40 m and the oxygen-limit content of TDI Advanced Nitrox.", "notes": "Version 0126.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-tdi-decompression-procedures-standard", "title": "TDI Standards and Procedures, Part 2: Diver Standards, Section 8: Decompression Procedures Diver", "authors": ["Technical Diving International"], "year": 2026, "type": "course_material", "publisher": "TDI", "url": "https://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/files/sandp/currentYear/TDI/part%202/pdf/individual/TDI%20Diver%20Standards_08_Decompression_Procedures_Diver.pdf", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["training", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Defines the 45 m limit and content of TDI's entry-level staged-decompression course.", "notes": "Version 0126.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-tdi-standards-diver-part-2", "title": "TDI Standards and Procedures Manual, Part 2: Diver Standards", "authors": ["Technical Diving International"], "year": 2026, "type": "manual", "publisher": "TDI", "url": "https://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/files/sandp/currentYear/TDI/complete_sections/Part%202-TDI%20Diver%20Standards.pdf", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "Course prerequisites, depth limits and required skills for every TDI diver course.", "notes": "Version 0126 (January 2026). The PDF returns 200 although tdisdi.com index pages block automated checks.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-tdi-training-path", "title": "TDI", "authors": ["TDI"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "Technical Diving International", "url": "https://www.tdisdi.com/", "access": "open", "topics": ["training"], "authoritative_for": "TDI's technical training path: Advanced Nitrox, Decompression Procedures, Extended Range, Trimix, Advanced Trimix.", "notes": "Site blocks automated checks; open it in a browser.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-dan-annual-diving-report", "title": "DAN Annual Diving Report", "authors": ["Divers Alert Network"], "year": null, "type": "report", "publisher": "Divers Alert Network", "url": "https://apps.dan.org/Publication-Library/", "access": "open", "format": "pdf", "topics": ["emergencies", "community"], "authoritative_for": "Annual statistics and case analyses of diving fatalities, injuries and incidents, including technical-diving data.", "notes": "Publication Library lists editions 1988 through 2022 (2022 edition published 2025, covering 2020 incidents). NCBI Bookshelf mirrors the 2017 to 2022 editions but blocked automated checks. DAN Southern Africa hosts Issuu copies of 2006 to 2020.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-dan-decompression-illness", "title": "Decompression Illness: What Is It and What Is the Treatment?", "authors": ["Divers Alert Network"], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "Divers Alert Network", "url": "https://dan.org/health-medicine/health-resources/diseases-conditions/decompression-illness-what-is-it-and-what-is-the-treatment/", "access": "open", "topics": ["emergencies"], "authoritative_for": "DAN's plain explanation of decompression illness signs and treatment.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-dan-emergency-hotline", "title": "DAN Emergency Hotline", "authors": ["Divers Alert Network"], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "Divers Alert Network", "url": "https://world.dan.org/alert-diver/article/dan-emergency-hotline/", "access": "open", "topics": ["emergencies"], "authoritative_for": "DAN's 24-hour emergency line and regional numbers for dive injuries.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-dan-flying-after-diving", "title": "Flying After Diving", "authors": ["Divers Alert Network"], "year": null, "type": "article", "publisher": "Divers Alert Network", "url": "https://dan.org/health-medicine/health-resources/diseases-conditions/flying-after-diving/", "access": "open", "topics": ["emergencies"], "authoritative_for": "DAN's guidance on surface intervals before flying, behind Dive Kit's flying-after-diving warnings.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-dan-immersion-pulmonary-edema", "title": "Immersion Pulmonary Edema", "authors": ["Gouin, Emmanuel", "Dugrenot, Emmanuel"], "year": 2024, "type": "article", "publisher": "Divers Alert Network", "url": "https://dan.org/safety-prevention/diver-safety/divers-blog/immersion-pulmonary-edema/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["DAN"], "topics": ["emergencies", "ccr"], "authoritative_for": "DAN's current summary of IPE mechanisms and risk factors, including rebreather work of breathing.", "notes": "Published 1 March 2024.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-thomas-immersion-pulmonary-oedema", "title": "Immersion Pulmonary Oedema: A Diving Safety Concern?", "authors": ["Thomas, Guy"], "year": 2023, "type": "article", "publisher": "DAN Europe (Alert Diver Europe)", "url": "https://alertdiver.eu/en_US/articles/immersion-pulmonary-oedema-a-diving-safety-concern/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "recommended_by": ["DAN Europe Alert Diver"], "topics": ["emergencies"], "authoritative_for": "Field guidance on recognising IPO and why it is mistaken for a gas-supply problem.", "notes": "Published 7 August 2023.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-abysner", "title": "Abysner", "authors": ["NeoTech-Software"], "year": null, "type": "software", "publisher": "NeoTech-Software", "url": "https://github.com/NeoTech-Software/Abysner", "access": "open", "topics": ["cross_checks", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Independent open-source Bühlmann implementation used to cross-check engine choices.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-divekit-compared-to-multideco", "title": "Compared to MultiDeco", "authors": ["Dive Kit"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "Dive Kit", "url": "https://divekit.app/docs/engine/compared-to-multideco", "access": "open", "topics": ["cross_checks"], "authoritative_for": "Dive Kit's own published cross-reference of identical plans run in both engines.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-multideco-website", "title": "MultiDeco", "authors": ["HHS Software"], "year": null, "type": "website", "publisher": "HHS Software", "url": "https://www.hhssoftware.com/multideco/", "access": "open", "topics": ["cross_checks", "ccr"], "authoritative_for": "Widely used commercial planner Dive Kit publishes a side-by-side cross-reference against.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-subsurface-deco-engine", "title": "Subsurface Decompression Engine (deco.cpp)", "authors": ["Subsurface project"], "year": null, "type": "software", "publisher": "Subsurface", "url": "https://github.com/subsurface/subsurface/blob/master/core/deco.cpp", "access": "open", "topics": ["cross_checks", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Independent open-source decompression engine Dive Kit cross-checks against, e.g. water-vapour handling.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-reddit-ccr-planner-feedback", "title": "r/diving CCR Planner Feedback", "authors": [], "year": 2026, "type": "thread", "publisher": "Reddit", "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/diving/comments/1ts9ro5/comment/opqdu6s/", "access": "open", "topics": ["community", "ccr"], "authoritative_for": "Field feedback that shaped the diluent-switch model, the two-flush charge, and the EU 232 bar CCR bottle entries.", "notes": "Site blocks automated checks; open it in a browser.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-scubaboard-current-state-deco-apps", "title": "Current State of Deco Planning Apps", "authors": [], "year": 2026, "type": "thread", "publisher": "ScubaBoard", "url": "https://scubaboard.com/community/threads/current-state-of-deco-planing-apps.667241/", "access": "open", "topics": ["community"], "authoritative_for": "Instructors and tec divers comparing planning apps, showing demand for cross-platform support and consistent mobile UI.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-scubaboard-deep-stops-increases-dcs", "title": "Deep Stops Increases DCS", "authors": ["Divetech99"], "year": 2014, "type": "thread", "publisher": "ScubaBoard", "url": "https://scubaboard.com/community/threads/deep-stops-increases-dcs.497187/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["community", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "The original 131-page ScubaBoard deep-stops thread that the community still links as the reference argument.", "notes": "Started 8 December 2014; 131 pages. Opinions; verify against the papers.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-scubaboard-divekit-feedback-thread", "title": "Dive Kit: Cross-Platform Dive Planner With OC/CCR Support", "authors": ["Dive Kit"], "year": 2026, "type": "thread", "publisher": "ScubaBoard", "url": "https://scubaboard.com/community/threads/dive-kit-cross-platform-dive-planner-with-oc-ccr-support-developer-here-feedback-wanted.668370/", "access": "open", "topics": ["community"], "authoritative_for": "The developer's own feedback thread; suggestions raised here feed directly into Dive Kit releases.", "checked_at": "2026-09-26" }, { "id": "ref-scubaboard-nedu-study-thread", "title": "NEDU Study", "authors": ["klausi"], "year": 2017, "type": "thread", "publisher": "ScubaBoard", "url": "https://scubaboard.com/community/threads/nedu-study.540726/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["community", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "34-page technical debate of the NEDU trial's applicability to trimix diving, with contributions from researchers.", "notes": "Started 21 February 2017; 34 pages. Opinions; verify against the papers.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-scubaboard-recommended-deco-theory-book", "title": "Recommended Decompression Theory Manual or Book", "authors": ["LFMarm"], "year": 2022, "type": "thread", "publisher": "ScubaBoard", "url": "https://scubaboard.com/community/threads/recommended-decompression-theory-manual-or-book.622321/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["community", "deco_theory"], "authoritative_for": "Recent consensus that Deco for Divers, then Deep Into Deco and Powell's Technical Diving, are the books to read.", "notes": "Started 25 June 2022; 2 pages. Also points to UHMS and Google Scholar for current research.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-scubaboard-technical-diving-reading-list", "title": "Technical Diving Reading List (add your book suggestions here)", "authors": ["DevonDiver"], "year": 2012, "type": "thread", "publisher": "ScubaBoard", "url": "https://scubaboard.com/community/threads/technical-diving-reading-list-add-your-book-suggestions-here.411033/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["community", "training"], "authoritative_for": "Community-curated book list (Gurr, Powell, Gentile, Jablonski, Wienke, Chowdhury and others).", "notes": "Started 14 February 2012; 2 pages, not a sticky. Started by Andy Davis (DevonDiver).", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" }, { "id": "ref-scubaboard-why-2-gradient-factors", "title": "Why 2 Gradient Factors?", "authors": ["Nelson_"], "year": 2023, "type": "thread", "publisher": "ScubaBoard", "url": "https://scubaboard.com/community/threads/why-2-gradient-factors.629207/", "access": "open", "format": "html", "topics": ["community", "gradient_factors"], "authoritative_for": "Nine-page thread explaining the bubble-model origin of split GFs and the current drift toward near-equal GF Low and High.", "notes": "Started 16 January 2023; 9 pages.", "checked_at": "2026-09-27" } ] }